Wireless Communication Technologies and Issues

Wireless communication is among the recent technologies that have been developed. According to Deal (2008), wireless network is computer network that is connected without the use of cables. It has made internet accessible to individuals in all locations hence the problem of internet access has been solved.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wireless Communication Technologies and Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, wired network has limitations in that it is difficult to spread it to different locations because of its static nature. However, it is sometimes preferred to wireless network. Wireless network makes it possible for the incorporation of the most recent technologies like Wi-Max and Wi-Fi which provide reliable, efficient and faster internet access. Based on these factors, wireless network has many advantages for its users. Both wireless and wired networks are implemented thro ugh hardware systems. The hardware applied to implement wireless network is determined by the scope of the network and the importance of multiple access points. For instance, small wireless LAN is implemented through wireless broadcasting equipment that function as broadcasting channels. The workstation computers are then connected through equipment that detects the signal relayed through wireless radio. The use of wireless LAN spreads spectrum technologies with the aim of enhancing end user mobility. It utilizes Wi-Fi which makes coverage of large areas possible. In addition, it is less susceptible to obstacles. It is also effective in terms of signal transmission since it does not require cables, a factor that makes its transmission easy (Briere Hurley, 2010). One of the advantages of Wi-Fi is its scalability. Workstation PCs and other devices that have the capacity to detect signals from Wi-Fi normally establish a connection with Wi-Fi network through wireless access points. In home networks, wireless routers are used to increase accessibility. Router specifications make it possible for different devices to access home network. Improvements in technology have led to the development of IP version six, which has the capacity to support up to 16 bit addresses. It also increases the number of IP addresses assigned to devices in Wi-Fi network.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A high number of IP addresses is not mandatory for Wi-Fi networks to work as anticipated since they increase the network load. This problem is solved through the installation of multiple access points in Wi-Fi networks which distribute the load responsible for altering network functionality in cases of single access points (Deal, 2008). Employing two routers in home networks has a primary role of increasing access points in the networks. Basically, this increases the secu rity and performance of the network. In addition, routers offer an effective way through which home networks are expanded. They also eliminate the burden of network load. Multiple routers make it possible for home networks to undergo segmentation which is crucial in network management since it enables different configuration of segments based on what the users of individual segments require. Among the recent home networking trends is the need for integration of wireless and wired networks, which is the only appropriate method through which hybrid networks can be established. Two routers can be used to host wireless and wired networks. Hybrid networks may be applied to raise the network capacity by combining the benefits of wireless networks with those of wired networks. There are certain network situations that make the use of two routers necessary. For instance, the practicality of having Ethernet cables from the original router when there is a long distance between the host machin es and the router is often difficult. The problem is solved by linking two routers, where the primary and secondary routers are connected to form an entirely different network segment. Generally, multiple routers are vital in home networks since they address problems related to network performance, network stability, network security and network interactivity (Briere Hurley, 2010). Wi-Fi network is comprised of an infrastructure mode that establishes connectivity between wired and wireless networks through Ethernet cables. One of the advantages of this infrastructure mode is that it provides a single connection point for WLAN network clients. During its implementation, wireless access point is usually a key requirement.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Wireless Communication Technologies and Issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For a successful connection of wide LAN, all the clients and points of ac cess under the wireless network are established to utilize a common Service Set Identifier (SSID). SSID functions as the network name under the LAN and its access is restricted through encryption. The access points for the wireless host machines are then linked with an Ethernet wired network with the aim of enabling the wireless hosts to access network resources like drives, printers and other network resources. The use of a common SSID facilitates inclusion of more wireless access points to the Wide LAN, which increases the network infrastructure access and enables the network to support many wireless networks (Deal, 2008). The advantages of network infrastructure mode include high network security which is enhanced through SSID encryption, increased scalability of the network since WLAN supports many wireless networks and enhanced platforms of network management among many other advantages. The only drawback associated with networking infrastructure is increased hardware acquisiti on costs. References Briere, D. Hurley, P. (2010). Wireless Home Networking For Dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Deal, R. (2008). Cisco Certified Network Associate study guide (exam 640-802). New York: McGraw-Hill Professional. This research paper on Wireless Communication Technologies and Issues was written and submitted by user Lina L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Term Paper Topics

Term Paper Topics Term Paper Topics Term Paper Topics If you have a term paper due, the first step is conducting a research.   You cannot start writing a term paper without have enough information on the topic.   If you are not sure which topic to select and if do not know how to collect information, do not panic.   Most of the students do not know as well.   It is a problem of many students, however, there is always a way out.   In this short article you will find some useful suggestions that can help with writing a term paper.   Pick one small aspect of the topic and write one-page papers just about this idea in your own words. Based on this one page, you can develop your ideas further.   Make a list of all ideas you want to describe and then choose the most interesting for you. Write down a thesis statement.   Next, you can start analyzing the information you have collected.   It gives you a point to start the main paragraph. Remember that APA style term paper is the most appropriate term paper format. Term Paper Writing While writing a term paper, try to find as many articles and books on your topic as possible. Your goal is not to write a compare and contrast term paper as many students mistakenly believe.   While writing a literary term paper you should write about similarities only or differences only, however, some combination is possible. Pay attention to the relationship between the two texts. You should not compare two works, but rather find the meaning of the book and discuss the ideas raised by the authors.   First, try to organize your ideas and then think how to present them logically.   While writing an introduction, you should present general information on the topic.   If your term paper writing is about the book, do not forget to mention the name of the author and the title of his work. Take into account that the reader has read these works. It means that you should not provide plot description and summary.   Do not describe the author's life.   Stay focused on the ideas r aised by the author in a book.   Irrelevant information distracts the reader from the purpose of your term paper.   While writing a term paper, you should analyze the topic critically. Custom Term Paper Help If you are not sure in your ability to write a term paper, you may ask professional writing experts for assistance.   There is no topic we cannot research.   Experience and education of our writers empowers us to claim that every term paper we deliver is original and interesting to read.

Installing PHP on Linux

Installing PHP on Linux It can be really helpful to have PHP installed on your home computer. Especially if youre still learning. So today Im going to walk you through how to do so on a PC with linux. First things first, youre going to need Apache to be installed already. 1. Download Apache, this will assume you download the latest version as of this publication, which is 2.4.3. If you use a different one, be sure to change the commands below (since we use the name of the file). 2. Move this to your src folder, at / usr/local/src, and run the following commands, which will un archive the zipped source, in a shell: cd /usr/local/srcgzip -d httpd-2.4.3.tar.bz2tar xvf httpd-2.4.3.tarcd httpd-2.4.3 3. The following command is semi-optional. If you dont mind the default options, which installs it to /usr/local/apache2, you can skip to step 4. If youre interested as to what can be customized, then run this command: ./configure help This will give you a list of the options you can change for when it installs. 4. This will install Apache: ./configure enable-somakemake install Note: if you get an error that says something like this: configure: error: no acceptable C compiler found in $PATH, then you need to install a C compiler. This probably wont happen, but if it does, Google install gcc on [insert your brand of linux] 5. Yay! Now you can start up and test Apache: cd /usr/local/apache2/bin./apachectl start Then point your browser to http://local-host and it should tell you It Works! Note: if you changed where Apache installed, you should adjust the above cd command accordingly. Now that you have Apache installed, you can install and test PHP! Again, this assumes youre downloading a certain file, which is a certain version of PHP. And again, this is the latest stable release as of writing this. That file is named php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 1. Download php-5.4.9.tar.bz2 from www.php.net/downloads.php and again place it in your /usr/local/src then run the following commands: cd /usr/local/srcbzip2 -d php-5.4.9.tar.bz2tar xvf php-5.4.9.tarcd php-5.4.9 2. Again, this step is semi-optional as it deals with configuring php before you install it. So, if you want to customize the installation, or see how you can customize it: ./configure help 3. The next commands actually install PHP, with the default apache install location of /usr/local/apache2: ./configure with-apxs2/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxsmakemake installcp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini 4. Open the file /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf and add the following text: SetHandler application/x-httpd-php Then while in that file make sure it has a line that says LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so 5. Now you will want to restart apache and verify that php is installed and woking correctly: /usr/local/bin/apache2/apachectl restart No make a file called test.php in your /usr/local/apache2/htdocs folder with the following line in it: phpinfo(); ? Now point your favorite internet browser at http://local-host/test.php and it should tell you all about your working php installation.

Unschooling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unschooling - Essay Example They study at home and learn from their own life experience. Unschooling is rather controversial: from one point of view it can give young people more opportunities to learn from the natural experience, from the other point of view, it can prevent children from receiving normal education. Here I would like to emphasize that home schooling is possible and good but everything depends on parents and their efforts. In the article the author presents the case of the 6-year-old boy who is unschooled. He does not go to school but plays games and goes shopping instead. His mother does not care if he reads textbooks or learn vocabulary. He learned to read from Pokemon cards and to count in the supermarket when choosing what is cheaper and what to buy. The opponents of unschooling are sure that such children may miss important points given in school. But boy’s mother does not think so. She says that her son will get standard education but with the help of soft and unobtrusive approach. For example, when she wants her son to read a textbook, she does not order him to do that. She just leaves the book in the room and one day he starts reading it himself. I consider unschooling to be a very interesting new approach. However much depends on parents. They should assess their efforts and opportunities before making a serious decision to let their child remain

Management of Health Programmes- Organizational Design and Culture - A Essay

Management of Health Programmes- Organizational Design and Culture - A Process Centered Concept (SLP) - Essay Example Health care management has acquired a qualitatively different character from the days of voluntary service of philanthropic spirit to present day business driven corporate spirit. In this Session Long Project (SLP) based on the general aspect of the knowledge of organizational design and culture, a practical example is given how one big pediatric hospital with stood the wind of changes from old style stable health practice to modern day market driven patient centered health care. The children’s hospital of our interest was started by a group of doctors around three decades back with the purpose of serving the society of course with an allied intention of making little bit fortune also. In this setup each unit head was master of ones own destiny. As shown by Mintzeberg (1973) the design and culture of the organization was largely purpose driven and the staff used to report to their respective unit heads (Mintzeberg, 1973). ... maintenance of doctors position,and that the human rights are above professional privileges" (Bethune& Hannat, 1998,p.103). The whole atmosphere was informal. In this conducive, idea driven environment the hospital prospered and became one of the best in country. Two Decades Later Now the hospital had several departments catering service in different streams of pediatric specialty. Most of the doctors who lived for the ideas they cherished were retired and the new generation was almost unaware on who's shoulders they areManagement of Health sitting. At the height of glory decay started. The previous purpose driven informal atmosphere became privilege for people with vested interest. Few individuals gained importance at the cost of process and function. Inflationary pressures coupled with mismanagement made the hospital costly. At the end of two decades there was utter chaos. Corrective Measures At this juncture series of measures were taken. First, a Director was appointed and every staff of the hospital were made accountable to him, including the unit heads. As shown by Mintzberg (1973) the work was organized on the process driven principle and everybody started reporting to the Director (Mintzberg, 1973). Second, monthly once a full day was devoted to the meeting, with parents of the children treated by the hospital the previous month. An interaction was setup between medical fraternity and patients. Customer satisfaction took precedence over revenue generation. A regular Public Relation Officer (PRO) was appointed. First time in the history of the hospital process was given equal

Newtons Method :: Newton-Raphson Method

Finding roots of a function is often a task which faces mathematicians. For simple functions, such as linear ones, the task is simple. When functions become more complex, such as with cubic and quadratic functions, mathematicians call upon more convoluted methods of finding roots. For many functions, there exist formulas which allow us to find roots. The most common such formula is, perhaps, the quadratic formula. When functions reach a degree of five and higher, a convenient, root-finding formula ceases to exist. Newton’s method is a tool used to find the roots of nearly any equation. Unlike the cubic and quadratic equations, Newton’s method – more accurately, the Newton-Raphson Method – can help to find roots of nearly any type of function, including all polynomial functions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Newton’s method use derivative calculus to find the roots of a function or relation by first taking an approximation and then improving the accuracy of that approximation until the root is found. The idea behind the method is as follows. Given a point, P(Xn,Yn), on a curve, a line tangent to the curve at P crosses the X axis at a point whose X coordinate is closer to the root than Xn. This X coordinate, we will call Xn+1. Repeating this process using Xn+1 in place of Xn will return a new Xn+1 which will be closer to the root. Eventually, our Xn will equal our Xn+1. When this is the case, we have found a root of the equation. This method may be unnecessarily complex when we are solving a quadratic or cubic equation. However, the Newton-Raphson Method compensates for its complexity in its breadth. The following examples show the versatility of the Newton Raphson Method.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Example 1 is a simple quadratic function. The most practical approach to finding the roots of this equation would be to use the quadratic equation or to factor the polynomial. However, the Nowton-Raphson method still works and allows us to find the roots of the equation. The initial number, Xn, 3, is a relatively poor approximation. The choice of 3 illustrates that the initial guess can be any number. However, as the initial approximation worsens, the calculation becomes more laborious.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Example 2 demonstrates one of the advantages to Newton’s method. Function 2 is a Quintic function. Mathematician, Niels Henrik Abels proved that there exists no convenient equation, such as the cubic equation, which can help us find the function’s roots.

Dark Brown Dog by Stephen Crane Essay

_A Dark Brown Dog_ is a short story by the praised realistic author Stephen Crane. Within this piece, Crane takes a different approach to the boy and dog theme by creating an atmosphere of abusiveness. This trait is well incorporated by Crane and can be easily found within the characters that Crane had carefully crafted. Specifically, the abusive trait can be found in varying levels within the father and the young boy. And while the prominence of this sadistic trait remains in the story, the trait helps create a a change in boy and dog’s relationship. In the story, the father’s presence is accompanied by and is synonymous with sadism and abuse. The first incident in which the father appears is when the boy first brings the dark brown dog to his house. Naturally, the family clamors about the dog and scrutinize it to the point where the boy is protesting loudly as to keep the dog. At that moment the father walks into the house in the midst of the yelling and, â€Å"perce ives that it would amaze and anger everybody if such a dog were allowed to remain, he decided that it should be so† (Crane 3). This reflects how the father takes enjoys forcing the family to put up with the presence of the unwanted dog. The incident is also representative of how the father finds pleasure in others suffering, a tenet of sadism. While this incident may not seem to define the father as an abuser, it remains as a hint of the full extent of the father’s sadistic nature. In fact, the entire magnitude of the father’s abusiveness is encapsulated by the turning point of the story in which the boy and the dog come home from one of their adventures only to arrive to the sight of the father throwing cooking utensils in a drunken rage. The sight drove the boy to seek shelter from under a table while the dog trounced around the room excited by the spectacle, unaware of the danger. The dog’s vulnerability and naivety led the father to take advantage of it as he beat the dog with a pan, force the dog into submission, and eventually, â€Å"swung him two or three times hilariously about his head, and then flung him with great accuracy through the window† (Crane 6). The father was clearly enlightened by his ability to prey upon a defenseless dog and to murder him without a second thought. Not only that, but this incident showed how father truly wanted to make the dog suffer as the father unnecessarily twirled the dog around before killing him. To a lesser extent, the boy also exhibits the abusive trait that is found in  his father and instead of inflicting pain on everyone, the boy abuses the dog. For instance, when the boy and the dog first encounter one another, the dog acts playfully with the boy who promptly hit the dog and sent him into a prayer like stance showing the dog’s submission. This submission was foud comical as it was stated that, â€Å"the child was greatly amused and gave him little taps repeatedly, to keep him so† (Crane 1). Superficially, this depicts the child simply amusing himself. However, there exists an underlying layer that reveals the sadistic trait of the child as he finds delight in the dog’s pain and fright. It shows how the child extracts a feeling of superiority over the dog which Crane further establishes in his story by describing the child as a terrible despot and the dog as a subject. In addition to this occurrence, the child had displayed his abusive nature on a separate instance. Crane describes this instance as a general and recurring case as he describes how, â€Å"Sometimes, too, the child would beat the dog, although it is not known that he ever had what truly could be called a just cause† (Crane 4). What is established here is that the child harms the dog for no reason. Through the conclusion derived previously, it is inferred that the child had done this deed because he found pleasure in exerting his might over the dog. This reestablishes how the child exhibits the sadistic traits which his father also bears, only to a lesser degree. Pointedly, Crane crafts the boy to be reflective of his father’s habits. This is done to show the cyclical nature of abuse and how the ones being abused may develop sadistic traits themselves. Regardless, of this fact Crane proceeds to simultaneously illustrate how abuse can shape a relationship. Specifically, the relationship being altered one existing between the boy and the dog. As noted, the boy and the dog first start off with an abusive relationship with power and dominance being held by the boy and a subservient role taken upon by the dog. This is perfectly encapsulated by the fact the dysfunctional family of the boy would often go out of their way to harm the dog and as a result, â€Å"The child became a guardian and friend† (Crane 3), to the dog. This is descriptive of how the abusive nature of the boy’s home had forced him to take upon the role of a protector. What’s more, is that the abusive atmosphere of his home had led the boy to grow a fondness for his new companion and to strive to protect to dog instead of  letting him befall to harm. What solidifies this conclusion is the ending of the story, after the father threw the dog out the window, the family had found the boy, â€Å"seated by the body of his dark brown friend† (Crane 6). When taken a step back, what this shows is how the abuse and sadism surrounding the boy and the dog had altered their relationship from an abusive one to one based upon loyalty and friendship. In conclusion, within the 6 short pages of a _Dark Brown Dog_, Stephen Crane creates characters with a shared and prominent trait of abusiveness. These characters were primarily the father, and to a lesser, but still significant extent, the boy. And while this trait had shaped the characters, it also played a role in defining the course of the boy and dog’s relationship. Case in point, the abusive trait in the story had been integral to _Dark Brown Dog._